CONSTRUCTION PRINCIPLE
In 1926, Le Corbusier established five points as the core of his design language he called them ‘Certainties from discoveries to date’. Le Corbusier’s design for Villa Savoye is a unique work of domestic architecture. Villa Savoye is a clear example of a building incorporating five points of construction principle. Villa Savoye was designed as a weekend country house and is situated just outside of the city of Poissy in a meadow which was originally surrounded by trees. The polychromatic interior contrasts with the primarily white exterior. Vertical circulation is facilitated by ramps as well as stairs. Each detail of Villa Savoye was carefully planned in order to fully experience Le Corbusier’s ideal for the home. The Five Points of New Architecture are open plan, roof garden, curtain wall, free facade and pilotis.
Open Plan
Definition: Flexible method of space layout where divisions between separate areas are implied by easily movable elements (such as screens and skeletal construction components, and modular furniture) instead of being defined by permanent walls and fixed shape furniture. Based on the ideas of the US architect Frank Lloyd Wright and French architect Le Corbusier (who called it 'Leplan libre'). A building plan with a minimum of internal subdivision between spaces designed for different usage, having large rooms with few dividing partitions. This type of design creates spacious areas and can be applied to both residential and commercial dwellings. Examples : Cliff House in Auckland by Fearon Hay Architects.
Advantages:
-make spaces more versatile.
-it reduces space constraints.
-open plan offices are more economical.
- communication is obviously easier between work stations and departments.
- shared conversations can lead to faster recognition and resolution of issues.
-you are able to provide more work spaces and place more employees in an office.
Disadvantages:
- open space offices are noisier and can be more chaotic than closed plan offices.
- people passing to and fro can also cause distraction of employees.
- privacy is difficult to obtain with an open office plan.
- sicknesses and infections can spread like wildfire in an environment like an open office plan
The support system carries the intermediate ceilings and rises up to the roof. The interior walls may be placed wherever required, each floor being entirely independent of the rest. There are no longer any supporting walls but only membranes of any thickness required. The result of this is absolute freedom in designing the ground- plan; that is to say, free utilization of the available means, which makes it easy to offset the rather high cost of reinforced concrete construction.
Roof Garden
Definition: A roof garden is any garden on the roof of a building. It is a rooftop layout of vegetation, a growing medium, and a water proof membrane that protects the actual roof. Other components can be added, such as an irrigation system and root barrier drainage system. It can be used in industrial settings, residents, offices, and any property that has a large flat roof. Example: Chicago City Hall, Mountain Equipment Co-op store ,Canada.
Advantages:
-as decoration
-architectural enhancement
-create green open spaces
-provide diverse habitats
-modify urban micro-climates
-improve air quality
-retain and manage rain water
Disadvantages:
- higher initial cost.
- installing adequate waterproofing systems and root barriers can increase the initial cost of the roof
Roof garden of Villa Savoye: The roof terrace satisfies both demands (a rain- dampened layer of sand covered with concrete slabs with lawns in the interstices; the earth of the flowerbeds in direct contact with the layer of sand). In this way the rainwater will flow off extremely slowly. Waste pipes in the interior of the building. Thus a latent humidity will remain continually on the roof skin. The roof gardens will display highly luxuriant vegetation. Shrubs and even small trees up to 3 or 4 meters tall can be planted. For Le Corbusier, roof gardens were a way to reclaim the spaces lost in built-up areas of the cities. Corbusier believed in compensating for the loss of ground space by creating gardens and terraces on roofs and extending the living space inside.
Curtain Wall
Definition: Curtain wall is a term used to describe a building façade which does not carry any dead load from the building other than its own dead load. These loads are transferred to the main building structure through connections at floors or columns of the building. A curtain wall is designed to resist air and water infiltration, wind forces acting on the building, seismic forces, and its own dead load forces. An exterior building wall which carries no roof or floor loads and consists entirely or principally of metal or a combination of metal, glass, and other surfacing materials supported by a metal frame. Examples: Staatliches Bauhaus , Germany and 88 Wood Street, London by Richard Rogers.
Advantages:
-daylighting
-environmental control
-Heavy-duty-allows for innovative and prestigious design possibilities for all types of buildings.
-High performance-offers a highly efficient and economical solution where the utmost in energy efficiency is required.
Curtain wall of Villa Savoye: Free composition of the exterior curtain walls that correlated to the open spaces inside. The curtain walls and ribbon windows present a neutral screen to the world, a kind of blankness that create a sense of tension and anticipation, a mysterious presence more typical if the erotics of the surrealist object poetique than the purist object type. The landscaping also extends under the outline of the house, albeit in gravel. This gives the impression that the connection between the house and the landscaping is to be tightly and rigorously controlled. The randomness of nature is ‘controlled’ in its interaction with the house.
Free Façade
Definition: A building’s façade that is not attached to load-bearing columns. Examples: Farnsworth House by Mies Van Der Rohe.
Villa Savoye free design of the façade: By projecting the floor beyond the supporting pillars, like a balcony all round the building, the whole facade is extended beyond the supporting construction. It thereby loses its supportive quality and the windows may be extended to any length at will, without any direct relationship to the interior division. A window may just as well be 10 meters long for a dwelling house as 200 meters for a palatial building (our design for the League of Nations building in Geneva). The facade may thus be designed freely.
Pilotis
Definition: Pilotis, or piers, are supports such as columns, pillars, or stilts that lift a building above ground or water. They are traditionally found in stilt and pole dwellings Beyond their support function, the pilotis (or piers) raise the architectural volume, lighten it and free a space for circulation under the construction. They refine a building's connectivity with the land by allowing for parking, garden or driveway below while allowing a sense of floating and lightness in the architecture itself. In hurricane-prone areas, pilotis may be used to raise the inhabited space of a building above typical storm surge levels. Examples: Museum at Ahmedabad , The Cook House or Maison Cook in Boulogne-sur-Seine, The Homewood in Surrey, England.
The pilotis (supporting columns)of Villa Savoye: Raised above the ground on pilotis, the villa appears as a floating box that is surmounted by curvilinear volumes. The house is firmly driven into the ground - a dark and often damp site. The reinforced concrete gives us the pilotis. The house is up in the air, far from the ground: the garden runs under the house .
*http://www.designcommunity.com/discussion/11869.html
*http://www.archinnovations.com/featured-projects/houses/le-corbusier-and-villa-savoye/
*http://www.galinsky.com/buildings/savoye/index.htm
*http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Piloti
*Negotiating domesticity: spatial productions of gender in modern architecture by Hilde Heynen, Gülsüm Baydar
*http://oneexwidow.blogspot.com/2010/03/great-buildings-1-villa-savoye.html
*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6aDT9xesSZc&feature=relatedBy : Sin Sook Fun
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